Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas toxic to humans and dogs. It can be found in inadequately ventilated furnaces, tobacco smoke, car exhaust, household fires, etc. Carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs shows up first because they are smaller.
An online survey commissioned by Kidde of more than 1,300 U.S. pet owners and more than 500 Canadian pet owners revealed that 53% of American and 61% of Canadian pet owners couldn’t identify symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs.
Gas companies add mercaptan to natural gas to reduce risk. This creates a distinctive rotten-egg smell that allows people to detect natural gas leaks.
What causes carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs
When humans or dogs breathe in carbon monoxide gas, it is absorbed into the blood and combined with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin.
This reduces oxygen delivery to the body, limiting oxygen in the heart and brain. When a dog is exposed to carbon monoxide for an extended period, it leads to hypoxemia and, ultimately, death.
This is essential information whether you are preparing to own a dog or already have one. Learn to recognize the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs, so you know what to do if it happens.
Look for symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs
Your dog will be affected first if there is any carbon monoxide leak or a fire. Dogs exposed to carbon monoxide can vomit, feel sleepier than usual, or act erratically.
The signs will depend on the concentration and exposure to the gas.
Symptoms can include:
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- Difficulty breathing
- Sleepiness
- Bright, cherry-red gums in the mouth
- If your dog is pregnant, it can lead to miscarriage
- Seizures
- Uncoordinated movements
- Inability to hear properly
- Coma
- Depression
- Blindness
When dogs are exposed for a more extended period, they might experience the following:
- Chest pain
- Cough
- Flu-like symptoms
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Loss of stamina
Don’t wait
It is difficult to know if your dog is experiencing symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs because they can’t tell you if their tummy hurts or if they are having trouble seeing.
But if you notice any symptoms or suspect your dog has been exposed to carbon monoxide, go to the vet immediately.
Your vet will probably want to know information, such as whether and how long your dog was exposed to carbon monoxide, whether other people or pets were around, and if anyone else showed symptoms.
If your dog collapses, the vet will immediately give him oxygen therapy, even before asking for any information. Oxygen therapy removes the carbon monoxide from the blood to return your dog’s oxygen levels to normal.
Your vet also will take blood and urine samples for testing. One test will determine the level of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood. This is the most important test because it will help your vet plan your dog’s treatment.
What is the right treatment plan?
The treatment will depend on the dog’s symptoms and condition. Although oxygen therapy is necessary, it will immediately help eliminate the carbon monoxide and should continue until carboxyhemoglobin levels are less than 4%. Your dog will also receive fluids to improve blood flow to vital organs.
The vet might give the pup diazepam while monitoring heart rate and rhythm if the pup has seizures.
Sometimes, a CT scan may be necessary if there are some persistent neurological signs. This will be done to look for signs of cerebral edema.
If you suspect your dog was exposed to carbon monoxide but doesn’t show symptoms, the vet might advise monitoring it at home.
Recovery period
The vet might ask you to bring your dog back for a follow-up to determine whether the dog has entirely recovered from carbon monoxide poisoning. Moreover, ensure that your pup rests for the first three to four weeks and that proper food and water are available at all times so it can heal properly.
Check all equipment for gas leaks and the hoses for cracks. Whenever you perform maintenance, do it in a ventilated area or somewhere with fans to disperse any gas fumes.
Most importantly, don’t leave your dog in a space without any ventilation and airflow.
Prevent carbon monoxide poisoning
As a responsible dog owner, ensuring the safety and well-being of your pet is paramount.
Here are some practical steps to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning:
Regularly maintain your heating system: Schedule annual inspections and maintenance for your heating systems, including furnaces, boilers, and water heaters. A professional technician can identify and fix issues that could lead to carbon monoxide leaks.
Ensure proper ventilation: Ensure your home is well-ventilated, especially in areas with gas appliances. This helps to disperse any carbon monoxide that may accumulate.
Install carbon monoxide monitors: Equip your home with carbon monoxide detectors, preferably in each room where gas appliances are used. Regularly test the monitors to ensure they function correctly and replace batteries as needed.
Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke: Limit your dog’s exposure to tobacco smoke, as it can contribute to various health issues, including an increased risk of carbon monoxide exposure. Create a smoke-free environment to protect both your pet and yourself.
Check appliances regularly: Inspect gas appliances, such as stoves, fireplaces, barbecue grills, and propane heaters, for signs of wear or damage. Ensure that venting systems are clear and functional.
Safely use generators and grills: Never operate generators, grills, or other gas-fueled appliances indoors or in enclosed spaces. Follow proper safety guidelines for outdoor use to avoid carbon monoxide buildup.
Educate your household: Make sure everyone in your home understands the risks associated with carbon monoxide exposure and knows how to respond in an emergency, including how to recognize the symptoms of poisoning.
Create an emergency plan: Develop a plan that includes what to do if you suspect carbon monoxide exposure. Ensure all family members know the location of exits and the procedure for moving pets to safety.
Long-term dangers
Carbon monoxide poisoning can have serious and lasting consequences for dogs, particularly if they experience prolonged exposure or delayed treatment.
While some dogs may recover fully after appropriate veterinary care, others may face long-term health issues related to their exposure.
Here are some potential long-term effects to be aware of:
Neurological damage: Prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide can lead to significant neurological impairments. Dogs may suffer from cognitive dysfunction, reduced coordination, or difficulty with motor functions. Some dogs may exhibit changes in behavior, such as increased anxiety or confusion.
Respiratory issues: Even after treatment, dogs that have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning may develop ongoing respiratory problems. This can manifest as chronic coughing, difficulty breathing, or decreased exercise tolerance, particularly if their lungs suffered damage during exposure.
Cardiovascular complications: Carbon monoxide interferes with oxygen delivery to heart tissues. As a result, some dogs may experience long-term heart issues, including arrhythmias or diminished cardiac function, which could lead to heart disease.
Cognitive impairment: Similar to neurological effects, some dogs may experience long-term cognitive decline related to oxygen deprivation. This can affect their ability to learn, interact, and respond to commands as before the poisoning.
Vision and hearing loss: In severe cases, carbon monoxide poisoning can lead to significant sensory deficits, such as impairment in vision or hearing. These effects can significantly impact a dog’s overall quality of life.
Behavioral changes: Some dogs may exhibit lasting behavioral changes, such as increased irritability, depression, or withdrawal from interaction. These changes can be attributed to both physical health declines and psychological impacts from the trauma of poisoning.
Increased sensitivity to future exposures: Dogs that have experienced carbon monoxide poisoning may develop a heightened sensitivity to similar environmental stressors, potentially exacerbating health issues from exposure to other pollutants.
Final thoughts on carbon monoxide poisoning in dogs
Carbon monoxide poisoning poses a significant risk to both dogs and humans due to its undetectable nature and toxic effects.
Understanding the symptoms and immediate actions needed for exposure is crucial for every dog owner.
You can protect your furry companions from this silent danger by being vigilant and proactive, such as installing carbon monoxide monitors and ensuring proper ventilation in your home.
Regular maintenance of gas appliances and prompt veterinary care, if exposure is suspected, can make a vital difference in your dog’s health and safety.
Prioritizing awareness and preventive measures will help ensure a safe environment for you and your beloved pet.
Nino Kadric is the editor of Pets Motherland, a website dedicated to providing information about pets. He has loved animals since childhood and believes a pet’s love is unlimited. He also believes people should respect animals and nature.