The Shih Tzu is the perfect companion for anyone looking for a small, loyal, and cuddly friend.
Their personality may be slightly confusing. But once you understand this little lion dog, you can tell why they experience mood swings.
The breed’s name means lion, and they look strikingly like lions. Sometimes, people confuse them with the Pekingese or the Lhasa apso, which also has a mane-like appearance.
These small dogs are delicate, and perhaps this is why they are regarded as fit for royalty.
The mane-like hair gained favor with 17th-century Chinese royals who bred them and kept them as companions. Queen Elizabeth owned a Shih Tzu called Choo Choo.
Shih Tzus were also associated with a deity by the ancient Tibetans. If you have been considering getting one of these cuddly dogs, here’s what you should know.
Shih Tzu origins
The Shih Tzu breed originated in ancient Tibet, developed by monks and gifted to Chinese emperors.
Their name means “lion,” reflecting their resemblance to lion statues, symbolizing protection in Chinese culture.
For centuries, Shih Tzus lived luxuriously as cherished lapdogs for the royal family, regarded as treasures with a carefully preserved lineage within palace walls.
Today, modern Shih Tzu retains an air of dignity, embodying the grace and charm that once captivated emperors.
Regal appearance
Shih Tzus are small, sturdy dogs with a flowing double coat in various colors, including gold, white, black, liver, and brindle.
Their distinctive features include a round head, short muzzle, and large, expressive eyes that convey warmth and intelligence.
Their curled plumed tails enhance their elegant appearance, making them easily recognizable.
While their long, silky coats are beautiful, they need regular grooming to avoid tangles. Many owners prefer shorter trims, known as “puppy cuts,” for easier maintenance.
No matter the haircut, Shih Tzus always look majestic.
Breed characteristics
Due to their small size, most kennel clubs classify Shih Tzus in the toy group. They grow to slightly under 12 inches and weigh up to 16 pounds, making them easily portable.
They mature quickly, reaching adult size within the first year. The adult is quite sturdy and has a short muzzle. The head is round and good-sized, with cute, wide, round eyes.
The gait is typical of small dog breeds — long and swift. But these little puppies don’t like extensive exercise.
The most prominent feature of the Shih Tzus is their luxurious hair. They have a double coat that comes in various colors. However, around the facial features, most dogs’ hair is dark.
Shih Tzus are hardy and amiable. They can live for 14 years or 15 years.
A Shih Tzu named Comet won the Toy Group at the 2025 Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show.
Health issues
The Shih Tzu’s beauty can lead to various health challenges.
The most common issue is eye infections, as their long hair can irritate their large, prominent eyes.
To prevent this, owners should regularly trim their hair and clean their eyes.
Other health concerns include:
Brachycephalic syndrome: The breed’s flat face can cause breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather. To avoid neck pressure, use a harness for walks.
Dental disease: The dogs’ small mouths may lead to overcrowding, so regular tooth brushing and dental checkups are essential.
Eye conditions: Shih Tzus are susceptible to injuries and infections. Keep their face clean and consult a vet for any signs of redness or discharge indicating eye problems.
Joint problems: These small dogs are prone to hip dysplasia and patellar luxation, a condition with a luxating patella where the kneecap slips out of place. Maintaining a healthy weight and using joint supplements can help.
Allergies and skin issues: Shih Tzus are prone to food and environmental allergies, which cause itching and irritation. A balanced diet and regular grooming can reduce these problems.
Contact a vet for more information on Shih Tzu’s health concerns and consider investing in pet insurance from a reputable company.
Personality
Shih Tzus generally exhibit sociable behavior but may occasionally be slightly reserved. They may not be as outgoing as some dog breeds like the corgi.
Nonetheless, Shih Tzus thrive when they are with people and do well in small spaces, making them ideal for apartment living.
They get along with people of all ages and with different pets.
Rarely will you find an aggressive Shih Tzu. The dogs have big personalities but rarely display aggressive behavior.
They are generally welcoming and friendly to all people, including strangers.
Occasionally, Shih Tzus may yap and run around. But don’t leave him locked in your parked car. They do not cope well when unattended.
Grooming
The Shih Tzus’ luxurious hair is their top feature. Many owners point it out as the most attractive feature of the breed, so they decide to keep it long. But it is also where the most responsibility lies.
Grooming Shih Tzu’s hair is not a walk in the park.
A handy grooming guide beyond brushing and bathing should get you started on the right footing. Unless you’re skilled, work with a groomer to determine your dog’s best Shih Tzu haircut.
Regular grooming, like frequent hair brushing, prevents tangling and mats.
Regular trimming should also be done. If the hair gets too long, it will sweep the ground and pick up dirt and germs, which could be harmful to the dog’s health.
If the dog’s hair is of a light color, it is also prone to tear staining.
The Vets also warn that a Shih Tzu’s hair can grow inside the ear canal and between the paw pads. Therefore, you should trim it regularly and clean the ear canal and paw pads.
This helps to avoid mats and infections.
Exercise and training
The good news for Shih Tzu owners is that the dogs don’t need a daily mile run to keep fit. A few runs in the house are enough.
But the dogs enjoy outdoor walks. Be careful not to take your dog out for an exercise session when it’s too hot.
Shih Tzus cope better with the cold than the heat. If exposed to heat, he could suffer a stroke.
Concerning training, Shih Tzus are clever dogs. The dogs are easy to train because they quickly learn instructions and execute commands.
However, they are infamous for their stubbornness. Trainers encourage owners to remain gentle and positive during training sessions.
They also can be clingy and suffer from separation anxiety.
Feeding
Shih Tzus enjoy high-quality meals of adult dog food that are corn, soy, or wheat-free.
Traditional grains such as brown rice or quinoa are excellent. Also, Shih Tzus enjoy healthy snacks.
However, you should monitor their food intake. Shih Tzus are ravenous feeders and prone to obesity.
Also, ensure a supply of clean, fresh water at all times.
Many human foods are safe for dogs. But you should check with the vet first.
Also, check with your vet for concerns about your pooch’s feeding habits.
Adopting a Shih Tzu
To wind up, here’s a quick recap of the top pros and cons of adopting a Shih Tzu puppy.
Pros
- Easy-going temperament.
- A loving, social, and loyal partner.
- Relatively active and does not require much exercise
- Excellent company for children and other pets.
Cons
- Prone to eye infections and allergies.
- Requires too much grooming
- Requires attention to thrive.
If these qualities match your personality and lifestyle, search Petfinder or contact an American Kennel Club-approved dog breeder. Reputable breeders focus on health testing to ensure you get a healthy Shih Tzu puppy.
Final thoughts on choosing a Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu is a charming and affectionate companion who brings joy and loyalty to any household.
With their striking appearance and lively personality, they make excellent pets for families, singles, or older adults alike.
However, potential owners should be prepared for the grooming demands of their luxurious coat and the unique health considerations that come with the breed.
While Shih Tzus don’t require extensive exercise, regular interaction and engagement are essential for their happiness, as they thrive in the company of people.
With proper care, attention, and training, a Shih Tzu can be a delightful addition to your life, offering companionship and unconditional love for many years.
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