Many people fail to recognize cold weather dangers for their dogs.
Every year, cold weather brings disturbing reports of dogs that freeze to death when careless owners leave them outside for too long.
You need to protect even the hardiest of dogs when the temperature drops.
Some people mistakenly think a dog’s coat will provide adequate protection, but once the temperature drops under 30 degrees, dogs, like people, can experience hypothermia if left out in the cold for too long.
Older dogs, young dogs, small dogs, and dogs with short hair are more prone to struggle with exposure to the cold.
Bottom line: If it’s too cold for you, it’s probably too cold for your dog.
Prevent dog cold weather dangers with these tips:
Skin and coat
Alternating between your toasty, cozy home and the chilly outdoors can dry your dog’s skin. Consider adding a supplement with fish oil to help prevent your dog’s skin from getting dry and flaky.
When your dog comes in from the snow, be sure to dry your dog’s coat immediately.
If you have a dog with an undercoat, think Siberian husky, Samoyed, Australian shepherd, or Shiba Inu; on frigid days, you may not need to put your dog in the cold.
But if you have a short-haired dog with a single coat (such as a Chihuahua, Afghan hound, or Saluki), consider getting your pup a jacket or sweater with a high collar that covers his body from his neck to the base of his tail.
Paws
In addition to drying your dog’s coat, cleaning your dog’s paw pads is essential.
Keep a towel near the door so you can wipe your dog’s paws immediately when you get home. Pay particular attention to the area between your dog’s toes.
If your dog has walked through ice melt, be sure to wash your dog’s paws. The easiest way is to run an inch or two of warm water in the bathtub to wash the chemicals off. Ice-melting chemicals can cause burns to your dog’s paws.
Massaging petroleum jelly or other paw balms onto your dog’s pads will add extra protection.
Another option is to buy dog boots. Booties protect your dog’s feet from sand, salt, and ice melt. They can also keep ice pellets from lodging and melting between their toes.
If you’re buying ice melt, be sure to purchase pet-friendly products.
Watch for signs of hypothermia or frostbite
As the temperatures and the wind chill drops, dog owners must be vigilant about their pets’ signs of hypothermia and frostbite.
Both conditions can be severe and require prompt attention.
Here’s how to recognize hypothermia:
Shivering
One of the first signs of hypothermia is shivering as your dog’s body tries to generate heat.
Lethargy
If your dog is exhausted or seems less active than usual, it could indicate that they are suffering from the cold.
Weakness or stumbling
Hypothermia can lead to muscle stiffness, making it difficult for your dog to maintain balance or coordination.
Cold body temperature
An average dog’s body temperature ranges from 101 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. If your dog feels unusually cold, especially in the extremities (ears, paws), they may be experiencing hypothermia.
Using a rectal thermometer can provide an accurate reading.
Dilated pupils
Look for changes in your dog’s eyes; dilated pupils can indicate hypothermia.
Slow or shallow breathing
Pay attention to your dog’s breathing; shallow or slow breaths may indicate a drop in body temperature.
Unresponsiveness
A dog may become unresponsive in severe cases, causing a medical emergency.
Here’s how to recognize frostbite:
Cold or hard skin
Areas affected by frostbite will feel cold to the touch, and the skin may be unusually firm or hard.
Discoloration
Look for color changes; affected areas may appear pale, gray, or black.
Swelling
Swollen areas can indicate that the skin has been damaged.
Pain or sensitivity
When you touch the frostbitten areas, your dog may exhibit signs of pain, such as flinching, whining, or drawing away.
Blisters or sores
In some cases, frostbite can cause blisters or open sores on the skin.
Grooming changes
If your dog suddenly begins to lick or chew at certain areas, especially on the paws or ears, it may be a sign that they are suffering from frostbite.
Acting quickly is crucial if you suspect your dog is experiencing hypothermia or frostbite.
Move them to a warm area, wrap them in dry blankets, and monitor their temperature.
Contact your veterinarian immediately, especially if your dog shows severe signs, as these conditions can lead to significant health complications.
General health tips
If you can keep up your regular exercise schedule, the cold weather will make your dog burn more energy to stay warm. Consider feeding your pet a little bit extra.
If you can keep walking outside, consider breaking up your daily hour-long walk into shorter — and safer — 20- or 30-minute segments.
However, if you and your dog hate snow and ice and you’re not getting as much exercise as usual, consider adding some indoor exercise options.
Cold weather offers an excellent opportunity to take your dog to agility classes or set up regular appointments for doggy daycare. Some inventive owners even train their dogs to walk on their treadmills.
And just as cars are dangerous for your dog in summer because they magnify the heat, they are similarly hazardous in winter because they amplify the cold, turning your car into a refrigerator. So, just like in summer, don’t leave your dog alone in your vehicle for extended periods.
Final warning: like coolant, antifreeze is a lethal poison for dogs and cats.
Clean up any spills from your vehicle thoroughly, and consider using products that contain propylene glycol rather than ethylene glycol.
Create a cozy indoor space
As the temperatures drop, you must provide your dog with a warm and comfortable indoor space to retreat and feel safe.
Here are some tips to create the perfect cozy nook for your furry friend:
Choose a comfortable bed
Invest in a high-quality dog bed that provides adequate support and warmth.
Look for beds made of thick, insulating materials, and consider adding a blanket or a soft dog blanket to make it extra inviting.
Find a warm location
Position your dog’s bed in a draft-free area of your home.
Choose a spot near a heater but away from direct heat sources to prevent overheating. Cozy corners or sunlit areas can also create a comforting environment.
Use dog blankets
Keep several blankets available for your dog to snuggle into. Fleece or thermal blankets can offer additional warmth and comfort.
Dogs often enjoy burrowing, so providing soft coverings can make their space feel more secure.
Create a snug hideaway
Consider setting up a small crate or a designated cozy corner with blankets and toys.
This space can serve as a safe haven for your dog when they need to relax or feel secure.
Maintain a comfortable temperature
Ensure that your home temperature remains comfortable throughout the winter months.
If it’s too cold for you, it’s likely too cold for your dog — aim for a warm and cozy temperature.
Limit cold floors
Consider placing a rug or mat in your dog’s designated area to provide warmth from cold floors.
This can be especially helpful if you have tile or hardwood floors that can be chilly during winter.
Enhance with familiar scents
Place some of your worn clothing or dog’s favorite toys in their space.
By taking these steps, you can create an inviting and warm indoor sanctuary for your dog, helping them stay comfortable and secure throughout the colder months.
Keep your dog mentally stimulated in cold weather
Winter can be challenging for mentally stimulating your dog, but there are plenty of ways to engage their minds while keeping them warm indoors.
Here are some effective strategies:
Interactive toys and puzzles
Invest in puzzle toys that challenge your dog to think and problem-solve. These toys often hide treats your dog must figure out how to access, providing both mental stimulation and rewards.
Training sessions
Use this time to teach your dog new tricks or reinforce existing commands.
Frequent training sessions can stimulate your dog’s mind and strengthen your bond.
Consider using positive reinforcement techniques to make learning fun and engaging.
Hide and seek
This classic game can be a great indoor activity.
Have your dog stay in one room while you hide somewhere else. Then, call your dog to find you, stimulating its instincts and providing mental exercise.
Scent games
Hide treats around the house for your dog to sniff out. Start with more accessible locations and gradually increase the difficulty to keep it challenging and fun.
Create an obstacle course
Use furniture, cushions, and other household items to create a mini agility course.
Teach your dog to navigate through it, jump over obstacles, or weave between chairs.
This not only engages their mind but also provides physical activity.
Interactive training apps
A variety of apps are available that incorporate dog training and games.
These can provide structured activities that keep your dog engaged, even if you’re busy.
Scheduled playdates
If your dog enjoys the company of other dogs, consider inviting a friend over for a playdate.
Social interactions can provide both mental and physical stimulation.
Chews and treats
Providing long-lasting chews can keep your dog occupied for a while.
Puzzle feeders that require your dog to work for their treats can also hold their attention and provide mental engagement.
Watch dog-friendly videos
While not all dogs are interested, some enjoy watching videos designed for pups, which can capture their attention and keep them visually stimulated.
Quality time together
Sometimes, simply spending time with your furry friend — cuddling, brushing, or engaging in gentle play — can help prevent boredom and strengthen your bond during the colder months.
Integrating these activities into your indoor routine allows you to mentally engage your dog and prevent boredom, ensuring a happy and fulfilling winter for both of you.
Final thoughts on cold weather dangers
Protecting your dog from cold weather dangers is crucial for their health and well-being.
Cold temperatures can pose serious risks, including hypothermia and skin issues, which harsh outdoor conditions can exacerbate.
Constantly monitor the weather and ensure your furry friend has appropriate outdoor shelter, clothing, and paw protection.
Adjusting your dog’s exercise routine and providing extra nutrition can help keep it healthy and energized during winter.
Lastly, be diligent about vehicle safety and chemical hazards, as these can have dire consequences for your pet. Taking these precautions ensures a safe and enjoyable cold-weather experience for you and your dog.
Sara B. Hansen has spent 20-plus years as a professional editor and writer. She’s also the author of The Complete Guide to Cocker Spaniels. She decided to create her dream job by launching DogsBestLife.com in 2011. Sara grew up with family dogs, and since she bought her first house, she’s had a furry companion or two to help make it a home. She shares her heart and home with Nutmeg, a Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Her previous dogs: Sydney (September 2008-April 2020), Finley (November 1993-January 2008), and Browning (May 1993-November 2007). You can reach Sara @ editor@dogsbestlife.com.